This section summarizes all evidence collected by EFSA from published studies on the efficacy of various substances available for tick control.

Summaries of available scientific evidence are provided concerning:

  1. The efficacy of various substances when the treatment was applied to animal hosts by different routes;
  2. The efficacy of various substances in experiments where vectors were directly exposed

Efficacy is defined as:

\[ Efficacy = 1 - \frac{\text{vector mortality in the treated group}}{\text{vector mortality in the control group}} \]

Please note that some studies did not report the efficacy. In that case, the vector mortality was collected instead.

The figures below give an overview of substances for which experimental assessments of efficacy against midges are available. Please note that experimental protocols differed greatly: studies could have many different substance application methods, from different doses and frequencies, to different time of exposure.

Plots are interactive: drag the mouse to zoom and click on the legend names to choose which categories to hide/show.

A) Insectides/repellents applied to hosts

The following plots show the substance efficacy (or vector mortality, when efficacy was not reported) by host species where the treatment was applied.

External use - collar/ear tag

External use - topic/spray

Subcutaneous application

Oral administration

Impregnated clothing

B) Substances targeting vectors directly (not host-specific)

The following plots show the substance efficacy (or vector mortality when efficacy was reported) by way of treatment administration.

Other types of outcomes

Efficacy and mortality were the most common types of outcomes reported, and these studies have been presented above. The table below lists all studies in which other types of outcomes were reported.

References